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In 5 steps, get your project's solar yield, TCO (total cost of ownership) and LCOE (levelized cost of energy). Site yield is computed by PVGIS (European Commission), and returns are compared with grid and diesel at 5 / 10 / 20 years.
This percentage covers every loss between the solar energy reaching the modules and the electricity delivered at the meter: soiling and dust, DC and AC cabling, inverter efficiency, module mismatch, near shading and downtime (maintenance, grid outages). Temperature is not included, PVGIS already models it. 14% is the PVGIS reference value; this figure is sent to PVGIS. Where these losses go, and how to reduce them →
Every year, modules lose a little of their power. This loss reduces the yield year after year, over the whole life of the project: at 0.45% a year, a module produces about 8% less in year 20 than in year 1. The initial loss from first light exposure (LID, about 1% in year 1) is ignored.
Place the project on the map first, then run the calculation: PVGIS queries the exact site and breaks down what your tilt, azimuth and mounting choices cost.
PV system CAPEX covers the whole plant (modules, mounting, inverters, cabling, civil works, installation) - excluding the battery, counted separately.
↳ Replacements auto-modelled: battery at 60% of new at end of life · inverter €65/kWp. Only high-impact parameters are exposed.
Investment need derived from the project size (section 2) and the unit costs (section 4).
| Indicator | 1 yr | 5 yr | 10 yr | 20 yr |
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Yield: PVGIS (exact site, with your system losses) - the only source used; the calculation requires the project to be placed first. Model: module degradation as set (0.45%/yr by default, year-1 LID ignored), battery replacement at end of life (60% of new), inverter at end of life (€65/kWp), user-set inflation applied to OPEX and energy price. Discounted LCOE = Σ discounted costs / Σ discounted yield. Indicative - refine costs with real quotes.
Reference data sources: irradiation from Global Solar Atlas 2.0 and PVGIS · electricity and diesel prices from GlobalPetrolPrices and AfricaDataHub (2024-2025) · costs from IRENA 2025, Solar Data Atlas, BNEF/Ember · live exchange rates.